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Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) is an American motion picture visual effects company that was founded in May 1975 by George Lucas. It is a division of the film production company, Lucasfilm, which Lucas founded, and was created when Lucas began production of the film ''Star Wars''. For many years, particularly during the widespread inception of computer graphics in film during the 1980s, ILM was considered the leading industry standard production house for computer graphics in film; many studios other than Lucasfilm sent scenes to the studio for CGI. It is also the original founder company of the animation studio Pixar. ILM originated in Van Nuys, California, then later moved to San Rafael in 1978, and since 2005 it has been based at the Letterman Digital Arts Center in the Presidio of San Francisco. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired ILM as part of its purchase of Lucasfilm. == History == Lucas wanted his 1977 film ''Star Wars'' to include visual effects that had never been seen on film before. After discovering that the in-house effects department at 20th Century Fox was no longer operational, Lucas approached Douglas Trumbull, famous for the effects on ''2001: A Space Odyssey''. Trumbull declined as he was already committed to working on Steven Spielberg's film ''Close Encounters of the Third Kind'', but suggested his assistant John Dykstra to Lucas. Dykstra brought together a small team of college students, artists, and engineers, and set them up in a warehouse in Van Nuys, California. Lucas named the group Industrial Light and Magic, which became the Special Visual Effects department on ''Star Wars''. Alongside Dykstra, other leading members of the original ILM team were Ken Ralston, Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, Joe Johnston, Phil Tippett, Steve Gawley, Lorne Peterson, and Paul Huston. In late 1978, when in pre-production for ''The Empire Strikes Back'', Lucas reformed most of the team into Industrial Light & Magic in Marin County, California. From here on, the company expanded and has since gone on to produce special effects for nearly three hundred films, including the entire ''Star Wars'' saga, the ''Indiana Jones'' series, the ''Harry Potter'' series, the ''Jurassic Park'' series, the ''Back to the Future'' trilogy, many of the ''Star Trek'' films, ''Ghostbusters II'', ''Who Framed Roger Rabbit'', the ''Pirates of the Caribbean'' series, the ''Terminator'' sequels, the ''Transformers'' films, the ''Men in Black'' series, ''Marvel Cinematic Universe'' films, ''Wild Wild West'', most of the ''Mission: Impossible'' films, ''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial'', '' *batteries not included'', ''The Abyss'', ''Flubber'', and also provided work for ''Avatar'', alongside Weta Digital. In addition to their work for George Lucas, ILM also collaborates with Steven Spielberg on most films that he directs, and for many that he produces as well. Dennis Muren has acted as Visual Effects Supervisor on many of these films. Apart from flashy special effects, the company also works on more subtle effects—such as widening streets, digitally adding more extras to a shot, and inserting the film's actors into preexisting footage—in films including ''Schindler's List'', ''Forrest Gump'', ''Snow Falling on Cedars'', ''Magnolia'', and several Woody Allen films. ILM began creating computer-generated imagery when they hired Edwin Catmull from NYIT in 1979. John Lasseter worked on computer animation as part of ILM's contribution to ''Young Sherlock Holmes''. The Graphics Group was later sold to Steve Jobs, named Pixar, and created the first CG animated feature, ''Toy Story''. In 2000, ILM created the OpenEXR format for high-dynamic-range imaging.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.openexr.com/about.html )〕 ILM operated from an inconspicuous property in San Rafael, California until 2005. The company was known to locals as The Kerner Company. In 2005, when Lucas decided to move locations to the Presidio of San Francisco and focus on digital effects, a management-led team bought the five physical and practical effects divisions and formed a new company that included the George Lucas Theater, retained the "Kerner" name as Kerner Technologies, Inc. and provided physical effects for major motion pictures, often working with ILM, until its Chapter 7 bankruptcy in 2011. In 2005, ILM extended its operations to Lucasfilm Singapore, which also includes the Singapore arm of Lucasfilm Animation. In 2011, it was announced the company was considering a project-based facility in Vancouver.〔(Lucasfilm's Industrial Light + Magic Exploring Opening New Facility in Vancouver ), ''The Hollywood Reporter''〕 In 2006, ILM invented IMoCap (Image Based Motion Capture Technology). , ILM has received 15 Best Visual Effects Oscars and 23 additional nominations. It has also received 24 Scientific and Technical Awards from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. In 2012, Disney bought ILM's parent company, Lucasfilm, and acquired ILM in the process. Disney stated that it had no immediate plans to change ILM's operations, but began to lay off employees by April of the next year.〔(LucasArts Shut Down, Layoffs At ILM | ). Starwarsprequelappreciationsociety.wordpress.com (2013-04-03). Retrieved on 2013-09-04.〕 ILM is currently the largest visual effects vendor in the motion picture industry, with regards to workforce, with more than 500 artists. It has one of the largest render farms currently available with more than 7500 nodes. Following the restructuring of LucasArts in April 2013, ILM was left overstaffed and the faculty was reduced to serve only ILM's visual effects department. ILM opened a London studio headquartered in the city's Soho district on October 15, 2014. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Industrial Light & Magic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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